Katherine Mansfield’s “Miss Brill” Essay

Katherine Mansfield’s short story â€Å"Miss Brill† is an extraordinary case of how an essayist can utilize different abstract methods to lead the peruser to a superior comprehension of Miss Brill the character. Rather than just expressing the message of the story, Mansfield utilized different abstract methods to permit the peruser to reach his own determinations about the character. Utilizing these abstract angles to uncover a reality about a character to the peruser is regularly alluded to as portrayal. Four of the most effortlessly perceived scholarly procedures utilized in Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† are her utilization of imagery, setting, implication, and perspectives utilized by various characters in her story. Imagery has a huge impact in understanding Miss Brill the character. This can undoubtedly be seen by the connection between Miss Brill and her â€Å"alter-ego†, the hide. An image is â€Å"a individual, item or occasion that proposes more than its strict meaning.† at the end of the day, it is something that has two degrees of importance: on the exacting level what will be will be, for instance, Miss Brill’s hide is only a hide. It can likewise speak to a more â€Å"hidden† importance, for example, the hide being an image for Miss Brill herself. Miss Brill lives for the days that she spends in the recreation center, this can be seen when she rubs â€Å"the life once more into [her fur’s] diminish little eyes†. This statement uncover that the outings to the recreation center assistance to â€Å"rub† life over into Miss Brill. The state of the hides eyes additionally infer that Miss Brill isn't as brimming with life as he once may have been, yet as long as should be obvious the excellence worth still in her hide, she can hold her feeling of worth. Mansfield utilizes the bond between Miss Brill and the hide the show how profoundly she needs to have a place. For instance, all through the story when Miss Brill is cheerful the hide is additionally glad, and when the hide is offended at that point Miss Brill is likewise offended. Maybe the best case of this bond is when Miss Brill is sitting in her organizer like room and takes care of her hide, and imagines that she hears â€Å"something crying†. Instead of confronting the bitterness and disillusionment of the day, she ascribes her trouble to the hide. The setting of â€Å"Miss Brill† is a significant element of the story since Miss Brill characterizes herself according to the setting. As she strolls about the recreation center, she feels increasingly more in line with her setting, as she sees thatâ all of the individuals at the recreation center, including herself, are on-screen characters in a week by week play. Her feeling of herself comparable to the setting changes radically, obviously, when she catches the youthful couple disparaging her. As the story opens, she is playful and upbeat viewing the others in the recreation center. After the youthful couple mock her, we consider the to be as she strolls gradually back to her condo, her â€Å"cupboard†. Mansfield likewise utilizes mention to fortify the subject of the story. We first observe Miss Brills suggestions to a pantry as she depicts the other old individuals in the recreation center. She appears to feel for them since they are not a piece of this fantastic play as is she. In the wake of being gone up against by the youthful couple, Miss Brill understands that she likewise lives in a â€Å"room like a cupboard†. This suggestion Mansfield provides for Miss Brill’s room is significant in light of two reasons. She initially utilized the term â€Å"cupboard† to portray the homes of the â€Å"funny old people† in the recreation center each Sunday. It doesn't happen to Miss Brill that she is likewise one of these â€Å"funny old people† , notwithstanding, Mansfield tells the crowd that she is to be sure one of these â€Å"funny old people† when she depicts Miss Brill’s space to the peruser. The utilized of the term â€Å"cupboard† is additionally significant in light of the fact that it exhibits the impact setting can have on the perusers supposition to the characters genuine nature. The statement alluding to Miss Brills organizer room, likewise gives the peruser a glance at the perspective that Miss Brill has. At the point when Miss Brill is upbeat her room isn't so terrible, notwithstanding, when she is discouraged then her perspective is that she resembles those â€Å"funny old people† that she sees in the recreation center each Sunday. In â€Å"Miss Brill,† the constrained omniscient perspective permits the peruser to see that Miss Brill stays unaltered when the story closes. The perspective depends carefully on what Miss Brill sees and feels, without being one-sided by her rose-shaded perspective on life. After showing up at the recreation center, Miss Brill starts to take in the subtleties of her environmental factors. She appear to stick to the best characteristics of her environmental factors †there were undeniably a bigger number of individuals than last Sunday, the band sounded stronger and gayer, and the director was wearing another coat. As she sits in her â€Å"special seat† she is baffled that the odd man and situated close to her. She had become â€Å"quite a specialist at tuning in as if she didn’t listen†. She sees her listening stealthily as dynamic interest inâ conversations encompassing her. Despite the fact that she keeps on viewing the others in the group in and a mazement and interest, she sees the older individuals in the group in an unexpected way. She calls them â€Å"odd, quiet and about all old†¦and they looked as if they had recently originated from dull little rooms or even †even cupboards†. Attempting to keep her mid of the older individuals, Miss Brill persuades herself regarding her significance in this stupendous play and that â€Å"no question, someone would have seen is she hadn’t been there†. At the point when the youthful couple situated next to her start to talk, Miss Brill listens eagerly to their discussion. It is then that she hears them discuss her the manner in which she has been seeing the other older individuals for the duration of the evening. â€Å"Why does she come here at all †who needs her†? The omniscient perspective permits the peruser to see this discussion as it really happened, not as Miss Brill would have no uncertainty adjusted it in her perspective. At the point when she gets back â€Å"to her room like a cupboard† without getting her standard c ut of nectar cake, we see that she scene at the recreation center has influenced her. However, she isn't changed by it. At the point when she takes care of the hide, â€Å"she thinks she hears something crying†. As a guard component, she properties her misery and agony to the hide, making it conceivable to carry on in her dreamland. Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† is a great case of how a peruser can increase a comprehension of a character through portrayal. The peruser is permitted to comprehend and decipher the story using their own strategies. Mansfield utilizes the scholarly techniques for imagery, setting, and perspectives to empower the peruser to comprehend the story and this get the more prominent importance. Catalog â€Å"A Short Story: Katherine Mansfield’s Miss Brill†. http://www.op.org/domcentral/study/ashley/expressions/arts404.htm Mansfield, Katherine. â€Å"Miss Brill.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. seventh ed. New York: 1999. 33-37. â€Å"Symbolism†. http://www.kysu.edu/artsscience/LLP/211/symbolsm.htm

Evaluating Employee Retention Essay

High representative turnover rate has been considered as perhaps the most noteworthy driver for direct and opportunity cost to ascend for organizations. In the Coca Cola Retailing Research, Blake (2000) gauges that US$5. 8 billion yearly are lost in the general store segment alone because of worker turnover. All the more critically, this figure essentially decreases the benefit of firms to as much as 40%. Thus, the mantra that HR or individuals are as yet the most significant factor of creation considering the enhancements in innovation is as yet a common thought among researchers and businesspeople the same (Buckingham and Vosburgh, 2001). In view of this, HR the executives is headed to draw in and hold workers that have demonstrated significant in the organization over timeframes. Basically, worker maintenance and the decrease of representative turnover rate had been concentrated in the writing and in organization contextual analyses. Nonetheless, regardless of the various examinations gave to us, there are still discussions that should be settled on the most strong components that would make representatives remain. This paper presents a contextual analysis of Coca Cola Company especially its program on representative maintenance, the issues and difficulties that it faces as far as worker turnover, its effect on the organization both monetarily and operationally, and the upgrades that can be made so as to improve the representative maintenance program and decrease turnover rates. Representative Retention: Factors and Drivers Employee maintenance on a large scale had commonly been affected by the outer economy by and large and the patterns in the business segment (Frank and Taylor, 2004). For a smaller scope in any case, worker maintenance are influenced by programs/strategies of the organization, wages and advantages according to its rivals, abilities, preparing and advancement, representative inspiration and fulfillment just as different variables that are inward to the organization. For example, while the US economy had been considered at a low level lately, worker turnover had been maximal in the periods 2002-2003 in view of the scaling back that had been predominant in US organizations. Add to this factor, worker discontent as indicated by the review of the Conference Board (2003) had been most elevated since 1995 and that representatives are just trusting that a market recuperation will search for different occupations (Kaihla, 2003). Henceforth, beside these variables that should be considered by organizations, worker turnover influences the expense of the US economy by at any rate US$5 trillion yearly (Journal of Business Strategy, 2003) and lessens stock costs and income to about 38% (Sibson, 2000). Thusly, beside the money related effect of representative turnover, worker maintenance has been legitimately associated by Dresang (2002) to expand profitability just as client devotion. Representative maintenance had been credited to a few elements; let us initially investigate the elements recognized in the writing to contribute worker maintenance and decrease of turnover. In Coca Cola, the top maintenance drivers between hourly representatives and the board workers were distinguished as follows. For the hourly workers, giving headings, accessibility of hardware and supplies and quick oversight were distinguished as drivers for maintenance while for administrators, it would be authoritative course, preparing and headway (Frank, 2000). These variables approve prior investigations that forefront chiefs assume a basic job in the maintenance of workers (SHRM Retention Survey, 2000). This is on the grounds that poor administration would drive workers away in light of their apparent absence of significance agreed to them by the organization. Thus, this outcome suggests that chiefs being basic factors in representative maintenance would should be improved as far as preparing and expert advancement programs by the organization (Gantz Wiley Research, 2004). Thus, Frank (2000) attested that hierarchical and the board rehearses as drivers for maintenance have explicit and recognizable objectives. To start with, for representatives working continuously, strategic practices in achieving their employments successfully are viewed as significant. This is on the grounds that these workers infer their fulfillment and inspiration from the criticism that they get from their quick directors. Thus, their execution of their particular errands is significant so as to cause them to feel significant in the organization. In any case, the executives maintenance had been ascribed to the key heading of the organization just as their expert preparing and progression. This infers chiefs are bound to remain in an organization with a preparation program that would empower proficient development just as a program with solid advancement rules. Coca Cola Employee Retention Program Coca Cola, the main maker of carbonated beverages had been considered as one of the top businesses not just as far as giving several occupations worldwide yet in addition in deliberately dealing with its workers turn over rate. The promotion of Coca Cola lays on the efficiency and abilities of its workers in giving quality items and guaranteeing quality control of its product. Consequently, Coca Cola joins in its center arrangements the Workplace Rights Policies which incorporates a comprehensive perspective on its laborers guaranteeing that its strategies serves up to the advancement of an all encompassing worker development (The Coca Cola Company, 2008). Dissimilar to PepsiCo, Coca Cola permits associations and accommodates an aggregate haggling so as to secure the privileges of its workers. This has prompted the unorganization of the representatives of PepsiCo contrasted with that of Coca Cola-while there is an elevated level of aggregate bartering in Coca Cola, PepsiCo has not given its workers the setting to air its complaints. In any case, contrasted with PepsiCo’s Taste to Success business brand articulation and its various projects for representative maintenance, for example, â€Å"Culture of Shared Principles†, â€Å"Ability to Make an Impact†, â€Å"Quality People† and â€Å"Passion for Growth†, Coca Cola’s battle for worker maintenance is still during the time spent advancing. For one, the 2000 research utilized by Coca Cola to decide the expense and the open doors for worker maintenance, the organization had redeveloped its corporate methodology to explicitly address its administration and average maintenance issues by changing its procedure. For example, Coca Cola has the â€Å"talent magnets† program in festivity of directors who can pull in exceptional abilities in their group. This is finished by Coca Cola so as to give headway not exclusively to chiefs however for typical workers also. Therefore, Coca Cola in its statement of purpose incorporates four parts demonstrating the obligation of chiefs to build up the typical representatives. For instance, in Coca Cola’s Competency/Success Model, it focuses on oneself as well as other people, average workers would give the vital criticism on their chief with respect to their improvement achievement and pay dependent on their abilities. In view of these measures, the chiefs are then decided by upper administration (Olian, et al, 1998). Subsequently, the focal point of Coca Cola is on groups and not on people alone. This is like the practices in PepsiCo yet to a lesser degree. For example, PepsiCo still qualities singular accomplishment and abilities in its advancement and progression. As far as remuneration and pay, both PepsiCo and Coca Cola had been reprimanded by outside nations by giving beneath level pay to representatives. In the United States, ordinarily, the pay of same level workers is the equivalent for both. Therefore, the advantages for customary and low maintenance workers are equivalent with each other. Also, the two organizations give preparing and improvement projects, assorted variety and multi-social workplace just as projects for progression. In any case, the essential distinction is that Coca Cola had been considered to in a general sense more stable deliberately than that of PepsiCo. For example, while PepsiCo offers distinctive assortment of items in the drink and nibble part and have defaulted on some loans before, Coca Cola’s sound administration essentials have kept it from putting resources into dangerous endeavors. While both PepsiCo and Coca Cola had been full of laborers issues especially in low pay rates and wages just as the issues of better rights for laborers, Coca Cola had fared well better in holding its representatives since it is more steady than PepsiCo (which had shut 4 plants in New Jersey) and due to the nearness and resistance of associations. To a huge degree, associations in Coca Cola had perpetually secured the privileges of its laborers and henceforth, prompted lower representative turnover in Coca Cola. Substantial and Effective Employee Retention Program Employee maintenance programs while it ought to consider outer parts of its activities, for example, the monetary exhibition of the nation, the wages and pay in that particular nation just as rivalry, inner factors inside the human asset segment would likewise should have been reevaluated especially in deciding the way to hold workers. It ought to be noticed that capable workers and directors are viewed as valuable and scant products in today’s business world. This is the motivation behind why organizations, for example, Coca Cola saves prizes for its top entertainers in selling and showcasing its items. For example, the individuals who have demonstrated unrivaled execution than others are given professional successes promptly, trainings and expert improvement developments are accessible and they have better bartering power. Thus, these laborers can interest for better work conditions especially in adjusting their work-family life. This in any case, doesn't just apply for chiefs yet additionally for average representatives. While needs would contrast for the two classes, the should be esteemed by the association is significant. This is show

Ap Chem Lab Report Sample

Ap Chem Lab Report Paper After the investigation, the exploratory mole proportion of alum to eater will be determined and afterward contrasted and the acknowledged mole proportion. (This is 12 to 1). Hypothesis If this lab whenever directed appropriately, the obscure substance will be resolved to be alum in view of liquefying point, percent hydration and percent sulfate. The principal test that will be run has the motivation behind uncovering the alums softening point. Dissolving is characterized as, the temperature at which a strong transforms into a fluid. The liquefying point will help decide whether the substance is an alum if its softening point is around 92. 50 since this is the acknowledged liquefying purpose of an alum. At that point, the eater will be dissipated from the substance, which will make it conceivable to discover the percent hydration of the alum. A hydrate is a compound containing water: a synthetic compound containing water atoms that can for the most part be removed by warming. Anhydrous likewise will be a piece of this lab in light of the fact that an anhydrous way to be with no water: portrays exacerbates that contain no water, or precious stones that need synthetically bound water of crystallization. The water will be ousted from the substance and starts hydrated yet is then anhydrous in light of the fact that it will have no water at long last. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ap Chem Lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Ap Chem Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Ap Chem Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Since the mass of the alum will be recorded before just as after the water is vanished, the two estimations will basically be partitioned (the bigger as the denominator), yielding the percent hydration. Water of hydration is the measure of water present in hydrated mixes. The acknowledged mole proportion is 12 H2O moles to 1 mole of KAKI(ASS)2. The percent hydration and mole proportion will be another demonstrated if the substance is in reality an alum or not. The third trial of alum will have the goal of finding the percent sulfate. In the test, alum will be blended will be blended in with barium nitrate to yield barium sulfate: H2O + = But the sulfur responses, joins with the barium to yield barium sulfate. This percent mass will be found additionally with the percent mass of barium sulfate and used to discover the percent sulfate of the alum. This computation must be performed with the earlier information on realizing that the barium in the trial is the abundance reagent. This ensures the sulfate will all be joined with the barium in the correct side of the response. This implies none of the sulfate will be left unpremeditated, permitting the mass of that sulfate in Basal to be the mass of sulfate in alum. On the off chance that the entirety of the sulfate responds, the percent sulfate ought to be 40. 490. *H2O + Basal + K+ + AAA++ NON-In the above response, the aluminum and potassium quit their bonds with the sulfate. They surrender, in a manner of speaking, the sulfate, and become ionic substances (which clarify the charges of the components in the correct side of the condition). Additionally, the barium deserts its security with nitrate as well, which makes the nitrate an ionic compound in the correct side of the condition also. The two substances left finished, the barium and sulfate, consolidate to make barium sulfate. This barium sulfate will be utilized to ascertain the percent yield of sulfate in alum. At that point, after every one of the three of these investigations with their particular figurings are preformed, the percent blunder of each will be found. Technique Melting Point: 1 . A limited quantity of dry alum was pummel by a mortar and pestle. 2. The alum was pressed into a slim cylinder to a profundity of . CM. 3. At that point, to pack the alum in the narrow, the cylinder was skiped topsy turvy on the lab table. 4. The narrow cylinder was affixed to the thermometer. 5. The thermometer was affixed to a ring stand. 6. The thermometer and slender cylinder was then lowered into a measuring glass brimming with water and warmed. As the temperature came to around 900 the warming was eased back or halted. 7. As the primary precious stone softened, the temperature was recorded alongside the purpose of all gems dissolving. Assurance of water hydration in alum 1. A Bunsen burner was determined to a ring stand underneath a ring clasp holding a mud triangle. 2. The tallness of the ring stand was balanced with the goal that the base of the cauldron was about LLC over the most blazing piece of the fire. 3. At that point the cauldron was warmed well for around five minutes. . At the point when the warming was finished, the cauldron was cooled and massed. 5. At that point around two grams of alum was placed into he cauldron. 6. With a top covering the greater part of the cauldron, it was warmed gradually from the outset, and afterward on high. 7. After the rising inside had halted, the cauldron was warmed for ar ound five minutes. 8. After the cauldron cooled, it was massed. Assurance of the percent sulfate 1. A channel cauldron was set in a little measuring utencil and dried in a broiler over night. 2. Utilizing an expository equalization, around 1. G of alum was estimated and put into the dried pot. . This was then broken down in a ml container with about ml of refined water. 4. Around 50. Ml of . MM Baa(NON)2 was added to the understood alum, which was then mixed until the substance was disintegrated. 5. The measuring glass was secured and warmed close to breaking point for around 15 minutes. 6. The channel paper was massed. 7. The blend was emptied from above into the filtration framework. 8. When the sifting was finished, the arrangement was separated once more. 9. The channel paper was expelled and put in a recepticle to dry for the time being. 10. The container was massed 24 hours after the fact.

Koran And Women Essays (1857 words) - Women In Islam,

Koran And Women The Korans Attitude Towards Women The Koran is a book following the religion of the Muslim individuals. In it, numerous parts of their lifestyles and their perspectives towards various individuals are tended to. It makes reference to the solid sentiments of the genuine devotees towards Jews and Christians, anyway it gives a perspective on ladies that is taken two different ways. A significant piece of their religion is the manner in which ladies ought to be dealt with. This thought is a dubious theme as observed from an individual that is certainly not a genuine devotee, or a Muslim. Customary deduction brought out by the media have driven non-Muslim individuals to see the treatment of ladies as suppressive. The Koran shows the peruser the two sides of the coin, and subsequently, the peruser must size up the manner in which they thing ladies are dealt with. Subsequent to perusing The Koran, one would feel that it puts down ladies, for example, the manner in which they are dealt with, and the job they play in the publ ic arena. Be that as it may, concerning their general public propensities, customs, lifestyles, and their religion, Muslim ladies are really treated with more regard, and with more respectability. The individuals of the book have exceptionally severe thoughts regarding how society is to be run dependent on their religion and culture. They are given sure guidelines and are required to tail them. They have a legitimate comprehension of how they are to carry on with their life and how they are to treat others. On account of ladies, The Koran is quite certain when it boils down to how they are to be dealt with and their job throughout everyday life. Ladies will with equity have rights like those practiced against them, despite the fact that men have a status above ladies. For whatever length of time that you are not a genuine devotee, you will never truly recognize what this precisely implies. Clearly in The Koran, men have a bigger number of rights than ladies. Be that as it may, at that point how is this announcement to be comprehended? In The Koran, people have rights that are unmistakably more sexual orientation predisposition; men are guided more towards cash and force, while ladies are guided towards a family and the home. It is a general public wherein the lady is in control within the house while the man has more force outside. Individuals would think about this as corrupting towards ladies, yet it is done to take care of them. As an insurance to ladies, men are compelled to go outside of the house into the world that is cold and shrewdness. They are informed that they should do this ordinary and carry home cash to accommodate their family and spouse. The lady is to remain at home in a sheltered spot and deal with what she knows best. This isn't mean to cause ladies to feel sub-par however to cause them to feel sheltered and liberated from the world. There are numerous reasons why individuals accept that ladies are treated without regard in the Islamic countries. As a matter of first importance, it says in The Koran that ladies might be beaten: Men have authority over ladies since God has made the one better than the other, and in light of the fact that they spend their riches to look after them. Great ladies are dutiful. They monitor their concealed parts since God has watched them. With respect to those from whom you dread rebellion, rebuke them, neglect them in beds separated, and beat them. At that point in the event that they obey you, make no further move against them. (64) Numerous individuals consider this to be off-base, however why? It is plainly expressed in the Islamic religion that ladies might be beaten on the off chance that they are defiance. Why at that point, would a lady accomplish something insubordinate on the off chance that she realizes that she will be harmed? She ought to understand that she should be a genuine devotee and not be disobedient; and on the off chance that she is, at that point she should understand that she accomplished something incorrectly, and as per her religion, she should be rebuffed. She will realize that she has accomplished something incorrectly, and tragically will get beaten; in any case, on the off chance that she is savvy, she will know not to do it again and comply with her better half. Another point that is expressed in The Koran is that if a lady feels like she is being dealt with unjustifiably by

Delivery Hero

Delivery Hero With Entrepreneurial Insights/Cleverism we want to help people interested in starting and growing their own companies. A good way to learn that is to listen to leading entrepreneurs and get their Entrepreneurial Insights.In this episode Nikita Fahrenholz and Claude Ritter, co-founders of Delivery Hero  will share their key learnings from the last 3.5 years of being entrepreneurs, so you can make better decisions. They raised a whopping $270m, so they know how to start, finance, and grow a company.  Share this video  or  embed it  on your website, so more people learn to become a better entrepreneur.Martin: Today we are in the office of Delivery Hero in Berlin and two of the four co-founders of Delivery Hero are sitting next to me. Nikita and Claude who are you and what do you?Nikita: Okay, my name is Nikita; Im a co-founder of Delivery Hero. Im responsible for global sales, customer care and internationalization.Claude: Hi my name is Claude and Im responsible for product and tech, so product strategy, technology, mobile application and so on and so forth.Martin: What is your background or what did you do before you started this company?Claude: So before we started, I was living in China, Shanghai.Martin: Okay.Claude: Four-five years running another start-up, like mostly online dating sites.Nikita: I was consulting with McKinsey and Company, so was working on international projects.Martin: Okay, so I understand Claude you had some kind of entrepreneurial background then already?Claude: Yeah.Martin: And Nikita you came from a management consulting area. Nikita what made you change your career track from being an employee to becoming an entrepreneur?Nikita: So there is no kind of fancy story to it, I was never kind of this eight-year-old already entrepreneur kind of guy. I was rather kind of pursuing a career in I don’t know banking or consultancy but then just doing the courses in my studies and doing a couple of internships and then also kind of my work experi ence with McKinsey kind of showed me that this might be the place for me. So I reached out basically and talked to people and wanted to figure out basically what I could doMartin: Yeah.Nikita: In a more self-sustaining environment.Martin: Yes, I understand. I mean consultancy is quite hard work.Nikita: Well that’s not particularly different to entrepreneurship I would say, butMartin: Okay and can you please shortly describe what typical, I mean there is not a pure typical day in life but what a typical working day would look like in both of your functions?Claude: Want me to start?Nikita: Yeah.Claude: Well it kind of changed obviously over the past four years, I mean when you start and co-found a company, your day looks like, in my case like drawing mock-ups of website, actually doing HTML CSS code, setting up the server, doing job interviews, trying to lower rent with some landlord and so you basically do everything.But then you know over the course of the evolution of the company , obviously your responsibilities change and you have to learn kind of to leverage yourself a bit and get out of too many sort of detailed topics, that was quite hard actually for me. But so now my day looks like its mostly meetings which is actually the job in my case, so you basically just point people in a direction and from time to time you catch up and see whether theyre still going in the right direction. And hiring, like team building.Martin: Okay.Claude: Yeah, the routine here for me is now is 9-9, basically.Martin: Yeah.Claude: So much for long hours in consulting and we are in year 4, so it was more at the beginning.Martin: Sure.Nikita: Yeah, for me I guess same story. I mean in the beginning you kind of do everything really including sleeping in the office.Claude: Yeah.Nikita: So hours are crazy. I mean I was COO, so I was basically building up the first customer care and first ticket system, wrote kind of the specs for it and all that stuff. Tried to figure out what inte rnet is about you know. Its a very kind of broad in that sense. Now I have run 200 people in my functions, so obviously theres a lot of meetings, kind of hiring, managing.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: Managing the teams, managing the reports and then theres always kind of theres a lot of cases where you need to kind of fly somewhere and you want to buy a company you know..Martin: YeahNikita: And then it’s kind of it changes basically 180 degrees for a couple days. I used to travel quite a lot, so I would say like 40% of my time last year has been actually aboard in all kind of country teams working with the CEO’s there. Making sure that they kind of yes scale up their operations, make the right decisions, many have a bit more kind of broader and bigger picture and theyre kind of decision taking. We did it quite some time actually together also, so yeah, so theres really no typical day. Its usually pretty hectic hours, longer than a consultant to be honest..Martin: Yeah.Nikita: Because you kind of carry this company and you know all week, yeah I mean if you have an email we can just do it then.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: If you need to fly somewhere, just do it, there is no kind of Monday to Friday in that sense.Martin: Okay. So let’s switch to the next topic which is the business model, what is your current business model looking like?Claude: So in a very basic sense we send orders to restaurants, restaurants fulfil orders and we charge a commission fee for sending the order to the restaurant. So in that sense, it’s the marketplace, our revenue comes largely from commission fee which is like a performance-based model for restaurants. And then theres obviously some other revenues generated through kind of other activities but thats the bulk of the revenue.Martin: So my assumption would be that they are 3 major model drivers, like for example, one is the acquisition of partners, or restaurants, second one would be some kind of marketing efficiency and the third one w ould be making sure that the platform is running smoothly, right. And how are you managing these 3 kinds of variables to improve your performance?Claude: I leave the restaurants out for now, I mean from a platform and technical point of view, its obviously stability is a very important part of our business, also reliability because you know if youre hungry and you order food, you tend to be not in the best mood ever, we call this the state hungry. So hungry customers and then if something doesnt work, its a problem and you really need to make sure that you have good process in place because at the end of the day, technology, somethings sometimes just dont work. I mean that’s just and even Google sometimes stops working and you know, so theres no 100% reliability, but obviously you spend a lot of time on your resources on making sure that things works smoothly.So that is you know, you just focus on those kinds of topics and then they are not really fancy, you can develop new fancy features, or you could make sure that your transmission rate to restaurants is top one-percent better you know.Martin: Yeah.Claude: So thats important and then on, you want to talk about the restaurant side real quickly?Nikita: No, that kind of comes hand in hand with marketing, you know.Claude: Yeah, so marketing efficiency is the thing like I think that we as a group, actually are really good at and we also pioneered a couple of things like when we started doing TV in Germany, at the beginning it didnt work out really well because our first TV spot went online and our whole website went down andNikita: It actually went pretty well.Claude: It actually went pretty well.Martin: Too much traffic.Claude: Too much traffic, but yeah, we fixed that and before that, a lot of people told us that this TV is not going to work for this model and so on, no one did that before and it actually worked out great, so it helped us scale the company and re-employ the same model in other countries and that works great.And then everything else you know at the end of the day is kind of statistics and numbers, it’s marketing sounds like “oh creative” but in fact especially performance marketing is all about statistics and numbers and performance marketing we were lucky to hire one guy that was and is like one of the top guys in performance marketing, SEM particularly. And so I think we are quite good at this, obviously there are other people doing a good job as well.Martin: Okay, thanks. Do you want to go to the restaurants or that was just a general for?Nikita: So, the supply side of the platform side is kind of the restaurant side is a bit separated from these topics, because you obviously have some sort of CPA relationship there as well, so you need to kind of you know put as many restaurants on the platform as possible and as quickly as possible, especially when you are kind of racing for market shares and obviously theres a lot of innovation from operational point of vie w where you need to be smart and what applies kind of to customer acquisition, to product development, etc. and also restaurant acquisition I guess. It’s all a big statistics games, it’s like you know building internet companies is basically about numbers.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: Understanding the numbers and I think what we are really good at is to focus on kind of finding out and focusing on the main kind of units that drives this business model.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: And really iterate on them, I mean TV was kind of a test amongst a lot of tests that we did and we had huge failures to be honest, with off-hand things that we tried to you know but in the end kind of you need to test, test, test, kind of figure out what will drive your model and then also to the right attribution to. Understanding how much you could spend for TV and then also for display ads to kind of get the total value and kind of put that also into perspective of your customer.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: Yeah, it’s qui te exciting actually; it’s a bit like a game.Martin: Okay, did your model iterate overtime or did you make a larger pivot?Claude: We didn’t pivot, but iterated I would say.Nikita: In terms of basic business model, no, it was pretty clear. It’s a commission based marketplace model. We obviously introduced a couple of new revenue streams over the course of the time which where only possible because of size and kind of relationship with restaurants.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: But the main business model was and is commission based.Martin: Okay.Claude: Which actually I think, I know we are not in the advice section yet, which is actually a good thing like if you build the company its very good to have a clear business model.Martin: Yeah.Claude: That is easy to understand, because you need to rally people around like the right things and if youre in this exploratory mode, which is fine I guess if you’re like well-funded and have investors that are cool with you being in that mode.Martin : Yeah.Claude: But in general especially in Germany where people are â€" they want to see their execution focused and it helps to have like a simple business model, like at least on the outside because that’s where people get it and kind of go from there.Martin: And how did you find this business idea?Claude: I guess thats the credit to Markus Fuhrmann, he invested in the company call Mjam, which is now our Austrian Business. We acquired this company like that, he invested in this company I dont know exactly when, maybe 2008, 2009, something like. He basically met Angelo, the founder of Mjam, and gave him all his money at that point and I don’t how much.Nikita: That was a wise decision.Claude: 10K or 15K or something like that and because he believed in the business and then sort of like a year or two later he realized that it is actually working.Martin: Okay.Claude: And he approached a couple of people to try to raise money, you know to get it started in terms as an initial kin d of company, and then he reached out to me and Nikita, we didnt know each other at that time but he knew both of us and then yeah, he basically pushed it and raised the initial couple 100K to actually get it going.Martin: Okay, so my next question would be, when you see this kind of business idea and some other person has some kind of traction, how do you further test your assumptions so you can really make it a good go decision?Claude: What Nikita said, I mean ultimately it comes down to unit economics and how much can you spend, like have much can you sensibly spend, it’s like you dont want to pay like a hundred Euros to acquire a customer that will be profitable never. You need to understand how much do I make with a customer, how often does the customer come back, and therefore how much can I spend for the customer, right. And the thing is that in the first couple of months you do not have those numbers, like you just â€" I mean you have assumptions obviously, because you hav e a business plan.Martin: Yeah.Claude: And we have markets, so we got some insight from Austrian business but ultimately it’s our assumption, so you really want it work. Like I said, you just pick a number, pick a budget, make sure you have all the tracking in place that you need.Martin: Yeah.Claude: And then run with it andNikita: Funnily it’s quite correct actually, it can reach your best perspective everywhere, we are quite on-the-spot in terms of kind of main numbers. Which is a bit scary, because it feels like a self fulfilling prophecy, if you would have taken kind of double the size maybe it would have been better, I’m just kidding.But yeah, I guess I mean I guess it all comes down to throwing out things and make them online, as bad as they might be, not waiting for the perfect kind of whatever product and then just collect the data, you know collect the data and I send the data and make it work from there.Martin: So you build a minimum viable product and then just try toNikita: It’s more than a teaserClaude: I wouldn’t say viable though.Martin: Okay.Claude: No, actually we went we put it online very quickly, it would not work on a PC browser mostly because I had a Mac.Martin: Okay.Martin: But yeah, I mean you know I didnt have online payment and all these kind of things, because you know it took a while butNikita: It was damn ugly.Claude: And it was quite ugly.Nikita: But the point was that we got so much shit on you know on a couple blogs, etc.Martin: Okay.Nikita: Where people were like, “what the fuck is this” and these guys dont know anything.Claude: It’s the ugliest logo I have ever seen, which it was, to be honest.Nikita: It wasn’t â€" yeah it was damn ugly, I understand that but first it was quite funny, like it gave us quite some traction and you know the product became better and better and better and now I would say we have the best product globally in terms of online food.Martin: And what do you think were the major challe nges except for designing beautiful website for acquiring the first 1 billion customers and how did you take on these kind of challenges?Nikita: Well that’s a big question; I mean you can start from product type.Claude: I mean there is a lot â€" I mean in terms of challenges, like if you build a business, there is a lot of people look at the company like for example, whenever I talk to my father about what were doing right, he is like yeah, are you doing internet businesses again? But the thing is, there is there is no such thing like internet business and people just don’t understand that everything is an internet business and what were doing has maybe 30% do with internet and 70% with offline business. We have a big call centre, we have a lot of people working on keeping and making restaurants happy, we have big customer care force and so on.So if you look at kind of what our business is doing, you know sure we run a website and that might look easy, right.Martin: Yeah.Claude: And you could say sure its a challenge building a product but in the end of the day if you cant build a product that works for something like this, you have nothing.Martin: Yeah.Claude: Youre in the wrong place, so I think ultimately it comes down to challenges, it’s more about making sure your processes work and making sure you can handle like customer care in-bound for a million customers.Martin: Yeah.Claude: Now because that is actually very tricky, it sounds like you have a call centre and you just hire someone. You go through lots of iterations, outsource, in source, mix, so it’s a lot of these kind of.Nikita: Do it yourself whole weekend.Claude: Yeah.Nikita: Everyone.Claude: So and I think the challenges just keeping up with growth in all areas and you know making sure you apply kind of not too much overhead but also not too little kind of resources, just always kind of keeping up with the growth.Nikita: Yeah, its I think main pain-points is to managing the balance right, I mean because you’re in this weird position where you never have enough money as a start-up right, but you also need to show a lot of numbers, so basically everything goes into marketing, that means everything else is going to break because you havent spent enough on you know customer care, actually the real business, the real processes behind the kind of a pretty looking website.So you have to run for these numbers to get the funds, at the same time you need to have kind of this big vision of how it should be if you would have that kind of funds, where you need to kind of have the right structures in place, kind of have the right CRM models and processes and managers. So kind of managing this race.Claude: It’s like having this long-term vision and having people believe in it, while executing sometimes very from short term goal basis.Nikita: Yeah.Claude: And then people question you know, you know you have good developers, developers want to build a cool products.Martin: Right .Claude: And then you go like just slap this on and deploy it and the guy goes like, yeah but this is shit and you go like, yeah just do it, but yesterday you told me that we have a big vision enough. So you say, just forget that for a second, you know just do that now and we go back to big vision tomorrow and that is difficult.Nikita: And its funny because like I think this is a typical European German VC thing right, I mean theres just very little cases where you know start-ups get a lot of funds from start and can really kind of build awesome things from the beginning right, where they have this freedom. In the US this is quite normal right and if you know I had a big discussion a couple weeks ago with an investor and the point was that you know in US you can kind of get a lot of money from start and then you can have all the kind of airBnB, kind of start-ups where they take all those fancy pictures which looks all awesome and you build nice communities ,you know that is cool and I really liked it but the problems the Germans VC area, tickets usually are quite small and you really have to raise fund for that and you really have to prove the case and for that matter, yeah you need to make that compromise, a bitNikita: I hope actually that German VC’s and international VC’s coming to Germany will kind of get into this mode where they really invest into people.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: And into products right and into visions and you know because I think this is where our innovation comes from, if you dont have to just make sales but also b creative.Martin: And in terms of corporate strategy, what do you think, what is your competitive advantage over other kind of online food retailers or even offline retailers, who delivers?Nikita: The site itself right if you go on to page I sometimes get a feedback where people say, “yeah it looks like the same as to other sites,” which is also not particularly right. I get that point and then you go on the list and the n you pick your food and you order. I think the competitive advantage comes from the fact that customers are happy, and that has a lot to do with how we manage kind of the whole experience, how we make sure that our failure rate is below I dont know, 0.00 whatever 1% in peak times, you know that the quality of restaurants is very high and so forth, yeah good customer service. And you know, just kind of the experience of ordering food is really an emotional kind of thing and if you’re happy and it’s seamless, youll come back and thats a competitive advantage.It has a lot to do with innovation, a lot with technology, a lot actually things you wouldnt see when you just look at the page.Martin: So this would just mean just making the customer happy with that customer service and increase the customer lifetime value, and by that just making money.Nikita: I mean yes.Claude: More happy customers, more money.Martin: That’s the way to do it.Claude: And then thats also I think in terms of the strategy for the group, I think we have a very simple kind of internal strategy that we follow that is non-public, it’s just like four lines, has to do also with acquisitions and we just follow this strategy, we dont you know obviously you look left and right sometimes and you look at competition but we don’t bother too much because that’s a bit you know dont want to sound weird but like the end of the day, were the experts in the market. Our competitors are probably as well but so what? I dont need to look at them, we know the market and we know our business, therefore we do what we think is best and I think that kind of served us well.Nikita: Yeah I guess kind of this â€" we were quite focused on what we want to do, we didnt also iterate a lot into different verticals for example, we kept the product simple in a sense that you can order food and this is kind of the main thing, in our books.Claude: Yeah.Nikita: And this main thing we make as awesome as possible and you know, theres a lot of work behind actually behind this kind of simple process and which makes the difference in it.Claude: Ideally it becomes way simpler than it is now, were really working on other things that required a lot of technology actually, interestingly to make it simpler.Martin: Yeah.Claude: That should be way easier soon.Martin: Very good.Claude: Trying.Martin: Next topic would be the market, so how its working and what would be your future focus, especially in terms of maybe you can give us in terms of segmentation, the size, the growth and profitability and the difference the countries has developed and what would be your focus for the future?Nikita: I mean this whole market is super big, yeah I mean its globally 80 to 100 billion Euro are turned over a year for pizza and sushi. So its just a big space itself, the point is, its majorly offline, so like 70 to almost 90% of people still order over the phone and that obviously depends on the country. So I guess the gener al trend will be that more and more people will kind of order online, that’s one.Secondly and this is pretty scary I must say, if I look at major trends in like same-day delivery, more and more convenience aspect consumers to kind of you know we operate with 200,000 drivers globally to feed this massive market. We’re a big franchise.Nikita: Yeah, so there is mega transfer kind of personalization and convenience and all that stuff will lead to products that we might not kind of see now, but it could be that you know you just have this kind of watch and you type in I’m hungry and something gets delivered within 20 minutes and it’s the most superb quality ever and there will be no interface on a desktop or whatever.So what Im trying to say is the general trend is convenience for whatever it is and people will more and more request time for their family and you know leisure time and less for like making things like food and you know and obviously this is kind of where we will p osition ourselves.Martin: Okay, this will also mean, like you say there are two trends like say people are getting more lazy and want convenience at such times.Claude: I wouldn’t say people get more lazy, but it’s like look people move to cities, so there is a lot of people like urbanization, people moved to Urban areas.Martin: Yeah.Claude: Their lives that you know everyone runs around with a mobile, everyone is always on, everyone is kind of, I am not saying it’s a good thing, but and everyone on is always like it’s a bit in the stress mode and just the fact that you just dont work until five and then you go shopping and then you go home and then you cook and then at 6:30 everyone eats and this is not happening, more and more is not happening anymore and a lot of people want stuff on demand. Be it food, be it driving around, be it the taxi, being whatever and so this not having stuff and having things available on demand, trend will just continue and then you know we just sit on a couple of megatrends. But its still like a lot of people dont have a smartphone or like a decent smartphone yet ant, we have one country on our portfolio where we do 92% of our orders through the app, like we can turn the website off, and thats what will happen here as well. In Germany we’re around 40 to 45% already which is quite a lot.Martin: Okay.Claude: And that will happen here as well, you know theres those things and obviously mobile supports this flexible lifestyle and there is just those things where delivery here as a business having this big fleet of drivers and so on is kind of you know in the eye of the storm if you want, because theres a lot of things happening that support this model, did we think about this 4 years ago? No.Martin: Okay, we are entrepreneurial insights, we always try to help young entrepreneurs and first time entrepreneurs and getting some advice from experienced entrepreneurs and as you have raised a whopping 70 to 80 million in funds, I w ould just like to get an insight from you what the top three advice would be from your side to new entrepreneurs?Nikita: In terms of fundraising or justMartin: Yeah.Nikita: Fundraising or just general?Martin: If you like, you can also do both, like how to manage the relationships with VC’s for example.Nikita: Okay, it’s very agnostic, so you know it changes obviously over the course of the company stage I would say. If you’re, so Ill take the seed stage and then you can continue and then I’ll come in.So seed stage is really about, I guess first round would be family, friends right, and with family, friends, I would say, what you would like to have, I guess it depends on the business model. But what you want is something online quickly, that shows business data. The funds you raised from the start is kind of you know people around you that know you, that trust you, maybe one or two angels that you got in contact with and that kind of invest into the team, but the point is you need to be very quick in terms of showing numbers, because then you can go out to on you know type of seek funds angels actually and that I must say it happens a lot through networks. So it makes sense to know people or at least to know how to approach them and when to approach them.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: It helps to read the blogs out there and just knowing, and going to different fairs even being very active kind of and its a lot of stress because you know thousands of people want to raise funds and its really hard, I cannot sugar coat it. And then now there is crowdfunding, etc, so that makes it seem easier, but then series A stage comes really down to is, is this team able and is the business model proven its scalable? Yeah, I mean what investors looking in these kind of stages is minimum of 8 to 10X returns if we are speaking about fast point, B to C start up business model.So it’s all about marketing size, it’s all about kind of showing a good trend which is going up in ter ms of kind of orders and proving the case. I think what people should from the start do is understand the unit economics. This actually makes sense, is this inherently profitable, if I had kind of the funds and you know the size would it be profitable?Martin: Yeah.Nikita: So what is my CPA? What is my user acquisition cost? What are my main channels? What is actually search volume for connected keywords in that segment and so forth? You then obviously calculate the returns that you make and then you have to prove that. And obviously if youre smart, you will get well connected angels on board pretty quickly because if they like you and think this is a viable business model, they will connect you to other funds/people and then you will get kind of this one chance to present and like for us, I guess what also helped us a lot was we were super in a sense we were super aggressive in our forecasting, soMartin: Okay.Nikita: A bit arrogant I would say, because we were having brave assumpti ons which were all true actually, we had to revise the business case upwards like I think 3 times firstly, but we were also very transparent, what didn’t work well and that creates trust with investors because they know we will take the right decision no matter if we like the person, if the person is not the right person for the team. So yes.Claude: I mean early on what is important, is that you dont talk to people once you need money I think, not just here but we also work with a couple of startups and trying to raise money for other start-ups that were not involved in but just like past advisors or just helping out and often its the best things are those where people connect early with someone, just ask for feedback and keep in the loop and the case whats happening last month you know and dont ask people for coffee too much because people go for coffee a zillion times a week. So just like you know don’t ask for anything, just like keep people in the loop a bit.Martin: Okay.Cla ude: One example now, where a very high profile person now involved in a company a year after I first approached that person, just because now he think it’s starting to be interesting for him and was kept up to date. So I think that helps, in most cases nothing will come out of it but at least you have a new connection and that might help you later and then yeah what Nikita said, that ultimately it’s team and market, if you have a good team in a shit market, it’s not going to happen.Martin: Yeah.Claude: So if you have a great market and a shit team, it’s not going to happen.Nikita: But it was still better happened in the first place.Claude: Yeah, but yeah but then if you have a good team, then you pivot into something else but you know product thats the important, and to a tech guy that doesnt matter that much, it will not make or break your company, at least it will be like a B to C type of thing we are doing, developing a search engine that might be different.Nikita: Yeah. Claude: But yeah so and if you have a good team, you know theres a lot of people who, it’s easier for them to believe that you can make it happen. If theres like three and we had really good combination, because he was like X McKinsey, number driven, operations and a lot of experience in these kinds of areas. Markus is a brilliant business developer, team builder, connector, he knows everyone, he is really bad at operations.Nikita: We can say this, because we told him already.Claude: He is brilliant, like fund raising and he just connects everyone and he is the smartest person I know and then me I’m more like tech, product, big marketing and I think just like we had a good mix of people and if you have a complementary routine, it really helps you, because you just dont go onto each other nerves too much like if he takes a decision on in an area that I know hes good at, I’m not going to bother him.Martin: Yeah.Claude: And the other way around, because otherwise it won’t be sc ale. Because if you’re three founders and every decision you have to take together, its like if you are alone.Nikita: It’s just not going to happen.Claude: Yeah, you need to run, everyone needs to and for investors it comes back to this.Nikita: And then later stage, I mean speaking about funds going beyond like raising beyond like 20 million and 50 and whatever 100, does this kind of. So there is I would say a big black hole, yeah in between like between VC’s and private equity sort of, or hedge funds sort of funds, because VCs are expecting a higher return, you know like they want to have little 10x and then obviously they cannot go endless in terms of a valuation and the money that they give, which at some point is just not possible anymore.Martin: Yes.Nikita: I actually believed that we can make it 10X case even based on our valuation of it but you know, you get into this kind of a bit of a problem there because there are not a lot of funds which can provide these kinds of tickets and then on the other side, it’s like private equities and hedge funds and so on. These guys dont expect 10X returns, they maybe expect 2X returns, but for them this is a new asset class which is an interesting kind of phenomenon that we can see now and you know, private equity going into internet business, but again theyre still expecting same criteria as they would expect from a can ofClaude: Gold mine.Nikita: I don’t know sausage factory in Hungary right, so you know big business basically, so and then you have to manage this thing, it’s not easy.Claude: Thats what I meant before, it’s like this is a very different conversation. It’s like people across the table they all wear suits and they look like bankers.Nikita: They are bankers.Claude: Yes they are, and just a very different conversation and you know like at the beginning your slides have like team, market ,product and then it moves more like why we are the most awesome product and so on and then it moves i nto parts for financing.Nikita: Yeah.Claude: Like our index right now, theres nothing, there is no product.Nikita: FinanciallyClaude: They are like okay you can do it, like you guys can do it, show me the numbers and so the slide deck right now is actually an excel sheet.Nikita: Yeah.Claude: So its quite interesting like how that changes it and its also really important, like we have one guy in our company, multiple but one in particular who is an ex-investment banker and I think it really helps our company because he speaks this lingo.Martin: Yeah.Claude: And he connects with those guys and I think it will be good advice for company that at some point need to raise a lot of money to have one or two people on board to help with these kinds of things, because the founder you know in most cases the founder is not an investment banker or you know and you need someone to run this or help you run this.Nikita: Yes, I guess the expectation or the profile that is needed for this kind of com pany now is completely different to the profile that is needed when youre building a start-up. I think what we did well, we kind of you know, we kind of developed with the speed of the company, because it’s super difficult to manage this kind of 5 guys team to kind of manage 200 on a global scale.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: But I guess people need to be aware of that and you need to be again very honest with yourself and with your team, well I have this strong belief you know don’t let ego stand in the way of decision-making.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: So be very factual, and then take the right decisions based on the absolute truth that you can find. It’s kind of the thing I picked up from a hedge fund guy called Ray Dalio, it’s amazing, he wrote a book it’s called Principles and it revolves around this kind of, what is actually the right decision, what is the ultimate truth in the room.Martin: Yeah.Nikita: And if the ultimate truth is that it is no more good to manage kind of 300 peop le product team, which we don’t have but just saying, if it’s that then you should go. And I should be able to tell him, without him punching me in the face, which that could happen, but that’s okay.Martin: Good, but thank you very much for your time.Claude: Sorry for un-structuring your structured interviewMartin: No, this was very well done.

The end of the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War - Free Essay Example

Question 1 The world created between the end of the First World War in 1919 and the beginning of the Second World War in 1939 was one of the economic and social depression as well as one filled with political unpredictability which marked existence of ideologies. In this regard, I totally agree that the interwar period should be remembered as a time of deep political instability and upsetting economic and social vicissitudes that was relentlessly by the prospect of another war. During these era, people were in lookout for fundamental solution to the radical hitches, and many began to believe that the solution could only be found in various ideologies. This era can be categorized as a period of naà ¯ve idealism that was filled with failed experiments as a consequence of the ideologies. As a result, people started believing in communism, fascism, democracy such as the American promise of democracy and imperialism. As a consequence of these believes, the great depression came to existence due to effect of capitalist economy associated with democracy. In the countries which were relatively strong, their government stepped in to facilitate provision of relief to their citizens which shifted many democratic nations to become socialists. Contrary to this, military took control of the government in the weaker countries seeking to provide security. For the poor, communism seemed to work relatively well as it provided solutions to the prevalent problems they had succumbed to. This was because the core belief of the communism was that wealth was to be shared equally among all the citizens. However, the communism and equal sharing of resources is what the upper class feared the most and thus government that would protect them was formed which was against the communist revolut ion. This gave a rise to fascism. The whole of the â€Å"isms† was as a result of the rise various governments around the world which was opposite of what Wilson had envisioned. As highlighted below, these believes gave rise to what happened in the interwar period. Imperialism In the interwar period, various countries adopted the ideology of imperialism. Nationalism was the main concept that acted as a motive mostly for European countries to begin the imperialism. Essentially, imperialism existed in three forms; colonies, protectorates and sphere of influence. The main goal of the imperialism was to expand and extend powers of a country and influence through diplomacy and the military force. As a result, these brought about the effects of political instabilities that escalated the beginning of the Second World War. Nevertheless, imperialism had positive effects as the colonies created in African had access to improved education and sanitation. American and the Promise of Democracy The promise of democracy was anticipated by president Wilson with his vision of a peaceful world filled with self-determined and governments that practiced democracies. Not only in United States, people all over the world were fighting for their right to participate in decisions made by the government. However, democracy and capitalist economy were to blame the economic consequences that resulted. This economic consequences led to great depression. In essence, it can be seen that democracy and capitalist espoused economic theory that exacerbated the occurrence of the Great Depression. Communism and Fascism These are two main ideology that came to live during the interwar period. Essentially, the ideology of communism revolved around the aspect of equal sharing of resources among the citizens. Communism carried with some theoretical beneficial ideas which included, equal treatment of people whereby every person was treated equally regardless of their financial standing and education, every citizen was entitled to a job as well as it created an internally stable economic system. However, the rich could not withstand the ideology behind communism. As a result, they came up with an ideology that opposed communism-Fascism. The ideal nature of fascism was that it operated as antidemocratic, anti-Marxist and it was racist. However though, fascism would prioritize the welfare of the society, led to speedy decision making process as well as promoted social economic equality. The Great Depression The interwar period is also associated with the great depression. The great depression show the beginning of the economic crisis that was encapsulated with low business activity which begun with the stock market crash in 1929. This economic crisis is believed to have been brought about by the capital economic linked with the democracy. In conclusion, the highlighted and diverging ideas among the countries mostly in Europe caused the interwar period to be one that contained various economic crisis, political instability which consequently resulted to eruption of the Second World War Question 2 The Second World War begun in September 1939 when both France and Britain declared war to Germany following the invasion of Poland by Germany. The cause of the Second World War was brought by many aspects that revolved around the interwar period.   However, this aspects were brought about by the fact that Germany refused to sign the outcome of the treaty of versatile. Various ideology that existed during the interwar period caused Germany to continue with their style of expanding Germany territorial land failing to honor the treaty of versatile. In this regard, I disagree with the statement that the origin of the Second World War cannot be explained by the failures of the treaty of versatile. This is because, the cause of the war was much revolving around the terms highlighted in the treaty. To begin with, France and Britain declared war with Germany due to the German’s desire to use aggressive war to turn Germany from a regional power to become a global superpower. This was also the cause of the First World WAR. The versatile treaty main purpose was to control Germany from such kind of acts after the First World War. Generally, the terms of the versatile treaties were; War guilt clause that needed Germany to accept the blame of commencing the First World War. Territorial Clause which indicated that some land would be taken away from Germany. Disarmament that allowed Germany to have only small army and six naval ships with no tanks and submarines. Reparations whereby Germany would pay 6600 million pounds to pay for the damage caused by the war. Germany were unhappy with this and they declined the treaty claiming that it was too harsh. What followed in the interwar era saw Germany through the governance of Adolph Hitler breaking the treaty of versatile when he begun re-arming themselves. Consequently, the Prime Minister of Britain Neville Chamberlain believed that Germans had totally undergone of the limits in relation to the versatile treaty and as a result there was Munich agreement of September 1938 which Germany went further to disagree with it as they continued to expand their territorial boundaries with an aim of creating the Germany Empire. This caused both the France and Britain to feel betrayal and they formed what was called the League of Nations. However, the League of Nations was not effective in preventing Germany from accomplishing their plans. As a result, France and Britain declared war on Germany after it invaded Poland and this commenced the Second World War. In this regard, all the events that caused the o utbreak of this war were linked with failure of Germany to honor the Treaty of Versatile.

The Most Common Loan Words in Japanese

The Japanese language has borrowed many words from foreign countries, firstly from China as early as the Nara Period (710-794). Gairaigo (Ã¥ ¤â€"æ  ¥Ã¨ ªÅ¾) is the Japanese word for loan word or borrowed word. Many Chinese words were mixed into Japanese to the extent that they are no longer considered loan words. Most Chinese loan words are written in kanji and carry the Chinese reading (on-reading). Around the 17th century, the Japanese language began to borrow from many western languages. For example, from Portuguese, Dutch, German (especially from the field of medicine), French and Italian (not surprisingly many are from the fields of art, music, and food), and most of all, English. Today, English is the origin of most modern loan words.​ The Japanese use English words to express concepts for which they have no equivalents. However, some people simply prefer to use English expressions for practically or because it is fashionable. In fact, many loan words have existing synonyms in Japanese. For example, the Japanese word for business is shoubai 商å £ ², but the loan word bijinesu ãÆ'“ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¹ is also used. Another example is gyuunyuu 牛ä ¹ ³(Japanese word) and miruku ãÆ'ŸãÆ' «Ã£â€š ¯(loan word) for milk. Loan words are generally written in katakana, except the ones of Chinese origin. They are pronounced using Japanese pronunciation rules and Japanese syllables. Therefore, they end up quite different from the original pronunciation. This makes it hard to recognize the original foreign word. Many loan words are often abbreviated in ways they wouldnt get abbreviated in their original language. Examples of Loan Words Maiku ãÆ'žã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¯ ---- microphoneSuupaa ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ¼ ---- supermarketDepaato ãÆ'‡ãÆ'‘ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ --- department storeBiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' « ---- buildingIrasuto ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆ ---- illustrationMeeku ãÆ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¯ ---- make-upDaiya ãÆ'€ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¤ ---- diamond Multiple words are also shortened, often to four syllables. Pasokon ãÆ'‘ã‚ ½Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ ---- personal computerWaapuro ãÆ' ¯Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ­ ---- word processorAmefuto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'•ãÆ'ˆ ---- American footballPuroresu ãÆ'â€"ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹ ---- professional wrestlingKonbini ã‚ ³Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'“ãÆ'‹ ---- convenience storeEakon ã‚ ¨Ã£â€š ¢Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ ---- air conditioningMasukomi ãÆ'žã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ'Ÿ ---- mass media (from mass communication) A loan word can be generative. It may be combined with Japanese or other loanwords. Here are some examples. Shouene çÅ" Ã£â€š ¨Ã£Æ'  ---- energy savingShokupan é £Å¸Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ³ ---- loaf of breadKeitora è » ½Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' © ---- light commercial truckNatsumero 㠁 ªÃ£  ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ­ ---- a once-popular song Loan words are often combined into Japanese as nouns. When they are combined with suru, it changes the word into a verb. The verb suru (to do) has many extended uses. Doraibu suru ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ ---- to driveKisu suru ã‚ ­Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ ---- to kissNokku suru ãÆ'ŽãÆ'Æ'ã‚ ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ ---- to knockTaipu suru ã‚ ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ ---- to type There are also loan words that are actually made in Japan. For example, sarariiman ã‚ µÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ³(salary man) refers to someone whose income is salary base, generally the people work for corporations. Another example, naitaa ãÆ'Šã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼, comes from the English word night followed by ~er, means baseball games played at night. Common Loan Words Arubaito ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'ˆ ---- part-time job (from German arbeit)Enjin ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¸Ã£Æ' ³ ---- engineGamu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ'   ---- chewing gumKamera ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' © ---- cameraGarasu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹ ---- glassKarendaa ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' ¼ ---- calendarTerebi ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“ ---- televisionHoteru ãÆ'݋Æ'†ãÆ' « ---- hotelResutoran ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ ---- restaurantTonneru ãÆ'ˆãÆ' ³Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' « ---- tunnelMacchi ãÆ'žãÆ'Æ'ãÆ'  ---- matchMishin ãÆ'Ÿã‚ ·Ã£Æ' ³ ---- sewing machineRuuru ãÆ' «Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' « ---- ruleReji ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¸ ---- cash registerWaishatsu ãÆ' ¯Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'„ ---- solid colored dress shirt (from white shirt)Baa ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼ ---- barSutairu ã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' « ---- styleSutoorii ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼ ---- storySumaato ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ ---- smartAidoru ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « ---- idol, pop starAisukuriimu ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'   ---- ice creamAnime ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ'‹ãÆ' ¡ ---- animationAnkeeto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ±Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ ---- questionnaire, survey (from French enquete)Baagen ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ²Ã£Æ' ³ ---- a sale at store (from bargain)Bataa ãÆ' Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ ---- butterBiiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' « ---- beer (from Dutch bier)Booru pen ãÆ'Å"ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ'šãÆ' ³ ---- ballpoint penDorama ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ'ž ---- TV dramaErebeetaa ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ'™ãÆ' ¼Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ ---- elevatorFurai ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤ ---- deep fryingFuronto ãÆ'•ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ˆ ---- the reception deskGomu ã‚ ´Ã£Æ'   ---- rubber band (from Dutch gom)Handoru ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « ---- handleHankachi ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ'  ---- handkerchiefImeeji ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¸ ---- imagejuusu ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹ ---- juicekokku ã‚ ³Ã£Æ'Æ'ã‚ ¯ ---- cook (from Dutch kok) Nationality is expressed by adding jin ä º º, which literally means person, after the country name. Amerika-jin ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã¤ º º---- AmericanItaria-jin ã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¢Ã¤ º º ---- ItalianOranda-jin ã‚ ªÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۊ º º---- DutchKanada-jin ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۊ º º----- CanadianSupein-jin ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'šã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã¤ º º---- SpanishDoitsu-jin ãÆ'‰ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ'„ä º º---- GermanyFuransu-jin ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã¤ º º---- French